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Coronavirus disease-2019: a tocsin to our aging, unfit, corpulent, and immunodeficient society. The compelling link between physical activity and the body’s defense system. The physical activity guidelines for Americans. Piercy KL, Troiano RP, Ballard RM, Carlson SA, Fulton JE, Galuska DA, George SM, Olson RD. Physical exercise as therapy to fight against the mental and physical consequences of COVID-19 quarantine: special focus in older people. Jiménez-Pavón D, Carbonell-Baeza A, Lavie CJ. Public health strategies for pandemic influenza: ethics and the law. Global impact of respiratory disease: what can we do, together, to make a difference? Chest. The cost of inaction on physical inactivity to public health-care systems: a population-attributable fraction analysis. Santos AC, Willumsen J, Meheus F, Ilbawi A, Bull FC. Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull FC, Guthold R, Haskell W, Ekelund U, Alkandari JR, Bauman AE, Blair SN, Brownson RC, et al. The effect of physical activity on mortality and cardiovascular disease in 130 000 people from 17 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: the PURE study. Lear SA, Hu W, Rangarajan S, Gasevic D, Leong D, Iqbal R, Casanova A, Swaminathan S, Anjana RM, Kumar R, et al. Physical activity trajectories and mortality: population based cohort study. Mok A, Khaw KT, Luben R, Wareham N, Brage S. Dose-response associations between accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary time and all cause mortality: systematic review and harmonised meta-analysis. 2020 370:m2031.Įkelund U, Tarp J, Steene-Johannessen J, Hansen BH, Jefferis B, Fagerland MW, Whincup P, Diaz KM, Hooker SP, Chernofsky A, et al. Recommended physical activity and all cause and cause specific mortality in US adults: prospective cohort study. Thus, we will suggest to implement multidisciplinary programs of physical activity for prevention or management approaches to COVID-19 condition. We highlight that different exercise approaches (breathing, aerobic training, strength training, or their combination) could be helpful in different conditions. Moreover, the particular evidence of the effectiveness of different exercise programs on many relevant outcomes in COVID-19 patients will be debated. In addition, we will also discuss the implications of physical activity interventions for preventing COVID-19 incidence, or its severity and healthcare cost. In this Chapter, we analyze and highlight the effects of regular physical activity (aerobic and resistance modalities) on the risk of community-acquired infectious diseases, enhancement of the immune system, and the potency of vaccination with a special focus on the protective role of COVID-19. Many noncommunicable diseases (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc.) have been found to be related to the increase in risk/severity of COVID-19. However, a major part of adults and even youth individuals are physically inactive while their inactivity raises with the age. Physical activity is essential for the prevention of numerous noncommunicable diseases and has also been suggested as a protective behavior against COVID-19.

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